Just like consonants, vowels are also formed differently across languages. Vowels are produced by manipulating the shape of the vocal tract and changing the position of the tongue and lips. Here are some examples of how vowels differ across languages:

1. Vowel height: One way that vowels differ across languages is in their height. This refers to how high or low the tongue is in the mouth when producing the vowel sound. For example, English has five basic vowel sounds that vary in height, from high (i) to low (a).

2. Vowel frontness/backness: Another way that vowels differ across languages is in their frontness or backness. This refers to the position of the tongue in the mouth when producing the vowel sound. For example, English has two back vowels (u and o) and three front vowels (i, e, and a).

3. Vowel length: Vowel length can also vary across languages. Some languages, such as Japanese, make a distinction between short and long vowels. In other languages, vowel length can change the meaning of a word.

4. Nasalization: Nasalization is another feature that can vary across languages. Some languages, such as French and Portuguese, have nasalized vowels, meaning that air flows through the nose while the vowel sound is being produced.

By understanding these differences in vowel formation across languages, language learners can better understand the unique features of each language's sound system. This can help learners to more accurately produce the sounds of the language and better comprehend the speech of native speakers. Additionally, understanding the nuances of vowel sounds can help learners to improve their pronunciation and accent in the new language.

Furthermore, recognizing these differences in vowel sounds can also help learners to better differentiate between words that may sound similar but have different meanings. For example, in Mandarin Chinese, the word "ma" can have four different meanings depending on the tone used and the length of the vowel sound. Understanding these nuances can help learners to avoid confusion and improve their ability to communicate effectively in the new language.

Understanding how vowels are formed differently across languages can be essential for effective language learning. Furthermore, listening for the minute differences in vowel formation between languages goes a long way in speaking clearly with a natural accent. By recognizing the unique features of each language's vowel system, learners can improve their pronunciation, differentiate between similar sounding words, and more effectively communicate with native speakers.